The Ho-Chunk Nation
I am doing my Changing Wisconsin project on the Ho-Chunk People. I have done
some research and discovered that the Ho-Chunk People have always made their
homes here in Wisconsin. Even after they were removed by the Government several
times they came back over and over again. No matter what type of
challenges they had to face they came back to Wisconsin. I have also
learned that in Wisconsin the Ho-Chunk Nation is the only tribe that does not
have a reservation. They currently reside on trust land this land has been
established by families 40 acres or that the tribe can show roots to. The
Ho-Chunk Nation then asks the government to place this land into trust.
Through all the hardships that the Ho-Chunk people had to face today they have
several Casinos’ that generate most of the tribe’s funds. The Ho-Chunk
Nation is now one of Wisconsin’s top employers, employing every
nationality. Today the Ho-Chunk Nation still has a traditional Chief named
Clayton Winnesheik.
Time Line of events for the
Ho-Chunk Nation
1674 –
First contact with Jean Nicolet along red bank (Green Bay
area)
1718 –
Ho-Chunks moved their village from green bay area to Fox River and Lake
Winnebago. 600 Ho- Chunks
1815 –
Ho-Chunk territory was a triangle shape that included Green Bay, North Central
Illinois and La Crosse as the points. Tribal population was
4,500.
1821 -
Began the Ho-Chunk land loss
1829 - The
Ho-Chunk ceded 2,530,000 acres of land for $18,000 annually for a 30 year
period. They also received 3,000 pounds of tobacco and 50 barrels of salt
annually in addition to $30,000 in presents at the
signing.
1830 –
Indian removal Act, by President Andrew
Jackson
1834 –
Small Pox decimated the Ho-Chunk
1836 -
Almost 900,000 acres of land sold
1840 -
Forced Ho-Chunk removal to Turkey River, Iowa. Population at Turkey River was
756. Ho-Chunk kept returning to Wisconsin but was always escorted back to
Iowa.
1846 –
Ho-Chunks ended up in land between the Sioux and their enemy the Chippewa in
north central Minnesota.
1848 -
Henry M. Rice selected the reservation site Todd County, Minnesota. In August,
1848, about 400 Ho-Chunk arrived at the
reservation
1862 - The
Sioux Uprising also occurred and even though the Ho-Chunk did not participate,
the government forced them to leave
Minnesota.
1863 -
Removal of Wisconsin Ho-Chunk to Crow Creek Reserve in South Dakota by federal
statute
1865 -
Treaty of land cessions in Dakota Territory included the purchase of a portion
of the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska for the
Ho-Chunk
1873 – 1874
Population of Ho-Chunk stood 2,500. Last of the forced removals by
soldiers U.S. soldiers surrounded Ho-Chunks gathered for a religious festival
and herded them, at bayonet point, into railroad cars. They were left on the
plains of Nebraska with little shelter or food. Another 240 died of starvation
that winter, and, when the survivors returned to Wisconsin in the spring, they
found their belongings stolen or
destroyed.
1875 -
Additional purchase of 20 sections from Omaha. Ho-Chunk continue to return to
Wisconsin
1881 -
Special legislation passes permitting Wisconsin Ho-Chunk 40 acre
homesteads
1888 -
Federal statute authorized the sale of a portion of the Ho-Chunk Reservation in
Nebraska
1893 -
Tomah Indian Industrial School opened on January
19th
1911 - The
Tomah Indian Industrial School was made the Ho-Chunk
Agency
1935 -
Tomah Indian Industrial School closed in June. Children had been farmed out in a
kind of foster care situation.
1962 –
Wisconsin Winnebago Tribal constitution
written
1994 –
November 1, 1994: Wisconsin Winnebago officially adopt their new constitution
which changes their name to the Ho-Chunk Sovereign Nation. Ho-Chunk is the name
they called themselves and means "People with the Big
Voice."
Today
- By buying back its traditional homeland, the Wisconsin Ho-Chunk now own more
than 2,000 acres and have become a major employer, thanks largely to
Casinos.
Today there
is over 6,159 members of the Wisconsin Ho-Chunk Sovereign
Nation
some research and discovered that the Ho-Chunk People have always made their
homes here in Wisconsin. Even after they were removed by the Government several
times they came back over and over again. No matter what type of
challenges they had to face they came back to Wisconsin. I have also
learned that in Wisconsin the Ho-Chunk Nation is the only tribe that does not
have a reservation. They currently reside on trust land this land has been
established by families 40 acres or that the tribe can show roots to. The
Ho-Chunk Nation then asks the government to place this land into trust.
Through all the hardships that the Ho-Chunk people had to face today they have
several Casinos’ that generate most of the tribe’s funds. The Ho-Chunk
Nation is now one of Wisconsin’s top employers, employing every
nationality. Today the Ho-Chunk Nation still has a traditional Chief named
Clayton Winnesheik.
Time Line of events for the
Ho-Chunk Nation
1674 –
First contact with Jean Nicolet along red bank (Green Bay
area)
1718 –
Ho-Chunks moved their village from green bay area to Fox River and Lake
Winnebago. 600 Ho- Chunks
1815 –
Ho-Chunk territory was a triangle shape that included Green Bay, North Central
Illinois and La Crosse as the points. Tribal population was
4,500.
1821 -
Began the Ho-Chunk land loss
1829 - The
Ho-Chunk ceded 2,530,000 acres of land for $18,000 annually for a 30 year
period. They also received 3,000 pounds of tobacco and 50 barrels of salt
annually in addition to $30,000 in presents at the
signing.
1830 –
Indian removal Act, by President Andrew
Jackson
1834 –
Small Pox decimated the Ho-Chunk
1836 -
Almost 900,000 acres of land sold
1840 -
Forced Ho-Chunk removal to Turkey River, Iowa. Population at Turkey River was
756. Ho-Chunk kept returning to Wisconsin but was always escorted back to
Iowa.
1846 –
Ho-Chunks ended up in land between the Sioux and their enemy the Chippewa in
north central Minnesota.
1848 -
Henry M. Rice selected the reservation site Todd County, Minnesota. In August,
1848, about 400 Ho-Chunk arrived at the
reservation
1862 - The
Sioux Uprising also occurred and even though the Ho-Chunk did not participate,
the government forced them to leave
Minnesota.
1863 -
Removal of Wisconsin Ho-Chunk to Crow Creek Reserve in South Dakota by federal
statute
1865 -
Treaty of land cessions in Dakota Territory included the purchase of a portion
of the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska for the
Ho-Chunk
1873 – 1874
Population of Ho-Chunk stood 2,500. Last of the forced removals by
soldiers U.S. soldiers surrounded Ho-Chunks gathered for a religious festival
and herded them, at bayonet point, into railroad cars. They were left on the
plains of Nebraska with little shelter or food. Another 240 died of starvation
that winter, and, when the survivors returned to Wisconsin in the spring, they
found their belongings stolen or
destroyed.
1875 -
Additional purchase of 20 sections from Omaha. Ho-Chunk continue to return to
Wisconsin
1881 -
Special legislation passes permitting Wisconsin Ho-Chunk 40 acre
homesteads
1888 -
Federal statute authorized the sale of a portion of the Ho-Chunk Reservation in
Nebraska
1893 -
Tomah Indian Industrial School opened on January
19th
1911 - The
Tomah Indian Industrial School was made the Ho-Chunk
Agency
1935 -
Tomah Indian Industrial School closed in June. Children had been farmed out in a
kind of foster care situation.
1962 –
Wisconsin Winnebago Tribal constitution
written
1994 –
November 1, 1994: Wisconsin Winnebago officially adopt their new constitution
which changes their name to the Ho-Chunk Sovereign Nation. Ho-Chunk is the name
they called themselves and means "People with the Big
Voice."
Today
- By buying back its traditional homeland, the Wisconsin Ho-Chunk now own more
than 2,000 acres and have become a major employer, thanks largely to
Casinos.
Today there
is over 6,159 members of the Wisconsin Ho-Chunk Sovereign
Nation
Changing climate and
environment
There have been many changes
in climate and many influences on these changes. When the Ho-Chunk Nation was living on
Red Bank (Green Bay) area they had more trees, Fresh water, minimal housing in
the state for anyone. Could you
imagine the state without all the factories, community’s towns’, and farms? Just think of all the timber that has
been cut down over the years all the roads that have been paved and all the
homes that have been erected. Could you imagine the difference in air
that we breathe, the difference in fresh water we drink, and the different in
the amount of wild game? My
Grandmother remembers when her grandfather would have to dig a canal at times or
a tunnel in the snow to get from one wigwam to another during the winter. As you look outside today we barely
have enough snow to cover a person’s ankles.
Bibliography
Yahoo search engine
images
www.ho-chunknation.com
www.hocak.info
I have also received
information for my Grandmother Tanguhay (comes
flying).
Bellamy Cayou is an 8th Grade student at iForward school of Wisconsin
environment
There have been many changes
in climate and many influences on these changes. When the Ho-Chunk Nation was living on
Red Bank (Green Bay) area they had more trees, Fresh water, minimal housing in
the state for anyone. Could you
imagine the state without all the factories, community’s towns’, and farms? Just think of all the timber that has
been cut down over the years all the roads that have been paved and all the
homes that have been erected. Could you imagine the difference in air
that we breathe, the difference in fresh water we drink, and the different in
the amount of wild game? My
Grandmother remembers when her grandfather would have to dig a canal at times or
a tunnel in the snow to get from one wigwam to another during the winter. As you look outside today we barely
have enough snow to cover a person’s ankles.
Bibliography
Yahoo search engine
images
www.ho-chunknation.com
www.hocak.info
I have also received
information for my Grandmother Tanguhay (comes
flying).
Bellamy Cayou is an 8th Grade student at iForward school of Wisconsin